Robert h



(No Model.)

R. H. AVERY 8v L. B. BERRIEN.

. WINDMILL.

110.371,120. Patented Oct. 4, 1887.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

`ROBERT H. AVERY AND LEONARD B. EERRIEN, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS, AS-SIGNORS TO THE AVERY PLANTER COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

WINDMILL.V

- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 371,120, datedOctober 4, 1887.

(No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern: just above the platform, where its lower`end Be it known that we, ROBERT H. AVERY is fastened to the upper end ofa second rod, and LEONARD B. BERRIEN, both of Peoria, in M', which ishollow from end to end, and is the county of Peoria, in the State ofIllinois, preferably coincident with the vertical axis of have inventedan Improved Windmill; and the mill. This hollow rod M extends down- 5;

we do hereby declare that the following is a ward through the cross-barE', and its lower full, clear, and exact description thereof, ref end isswiveled to the upper end of the lower erence being had to the annexeddrawings, section ofthe pump-rod M, which, like the making a part ofthis specification, in which upper section, is set slightly at one sideof the io like letters of reference refer to like parts, and verticalaxis of the mill. The three sections 6o in which M M M together form asingle pump-rod; but Figure l represents a perspective view of theswiveled connection of the rod M and the the entire mill; Fig. 2, a faceView of the lower section M permits the free rotation of double pulley DE, Fig. 3, an edge view of the turnpost, and the offset of the sectionsM I5 same; Fig. 4, a side elevation of the latch A M from the hollowsection Mlcaves the latter 65 and arm V; Fig. 5, an elevation of theturnopen for the passage ofa regulating-rod, as is post of the mill andcertain of its attachments, hereinafter set forth. Y especially thecatch B and the upper and lower On the rear edge of the top plate, 1?',is a pivotal bearings of the vane. project-ion in which is formed asuitable bear- Theinvention is fully described, explained, ing for` apivot or gudgeon, and on the rear -7o and claimed in this specification,and illusedge of one of the castings P2 is formed a trated in the viewsabove mentioned, in projection, G, in which is lformed a secondwhichbearing similar to the first. The upper bear- R R are the posts ofan ordinary windmilling is slightly at one side of the vertical planetower. of the wind-wheel shaft, and the lower bear- 75 S is a platformresting on and rigidly fasting is on the same side of said plane, butfarened to the tops of the posts, and P is an open ther from it than theupper, and at the same or hollow vertical turn-post passing through timeis considerably farther from the vertical a preferably central openingin the platform plane of the wind-wheel than the upper bear- S andsupported by a crossbar, R', beneath ing, as is clearly shown in Fig. 5.The line 8o the platform. The lower end of the turn-post joining the twobearings is the axis of oscillais stepped in a suitable socket restingon the tionV of a vane, V, having the ordinary midcrossbar, and itsmiddle, which lies in the rib and provided with a gudgeon, V2, Fig. 5,horizontal plane ofthe platform S, is encircled which enters the upperbearing, and a brace,

by castings I, in which are journaled anti- F, whose lower end entersthe lower bearing. 85 friction rollers S', resting against the wall ofThe Obliquity ofthe pivot or axis of oscillation the circular opening inthe platform, and of the vane causes its weight (when not countherebyholding the turn-post in position and terbalanced in any way) to swingthe vane insuring its free rotation. into a position approximatelyparallel to the io To the top of the turn-post is fastened a verticalplane of the wind-wheel and to resist go plate, P', provided with asuitable bearing in any effort to bring the vane out of said posiwhichis journaled an approximately-horizon tion. When the vane is in thisposition,which tal wind-wheel shaft, bent to form a crank at is the oneillustrated in Fig. l, the mill is said a point slightly lat one side ofthe axis of rotato be outof thewind, since the vane and windtion of theturn post, or vertical axis of the wheel are both held approximatelyparallel to 95 mill. On the outer end of the Windwheel the line of thewind, and the force of the Wind shaft is rigidly mounted a wind-wheel ofany has no tendency to rotate the wheel. We are desired construction,and on the crank, at its aware that it has heretofore been proposed toinner end, is suspended the upper section of pivot a vane obliquely tothe turn-post or 5o apump-rod,M,extending.downward to a point turn-tableof a windmill; but so far as we roo 65 both of said parts eccentrically,the point of know the mill shown and described herein is the first inwhich the Obliquity of the pivot has beenrsuch as to cause the weight ofthe vane to carry it from its normal working position, approximately atright angles to the plane of the wind-wheel, into a position parallel tothe plane of the wind-wheel.

In order to prevent slight oscillation of the vane with reference to thewind-wheel when the mill is out of the wind, we have provided it with alatch, A, pivoted at A2, Fig. 4, to an arm, V', which is fastenedrigidly to the midrib of the vane and is really an extension thereof.The latch has a vertical oscillation, limited in extent by a guard, c,attached to the arm V', and engages, when the mill is fully out of thewind, with a catch, B, Figs. l, 4, 5, fastened to the turn-post. The endA of the latch opposite the catch Bis directly above the pivot A2, and achain, N, is fastened to the latch at this point, and passes thenceabout a horizontal pulley journaled in the end of the arm V', aVhorizontal pulley, O, journaled in the plate P', and a vertical pulley,O, also journaled in said plate, and extends downward from thelast-named pulley to the periphery of a pulley, E, journaled in theturnpost, the lower end of the chain being fastened to said pulley E. Alarger pulley,D,is fastened to or formed integral with the pulley E, andthe upper end of a second chain, N', is secured to the periphery of thissecond pulley, the lower end of said chain N' being fastened to theupper end of a rod, N, which extends downward through the hollow sectionM of the pump-rod and is hooked to a lever, H, one of whose ends ispivoted to the tower of the mill, while the opposite end supports,whendesired, a weight, J.

It is evident that when the weight J is placed on t-he free end of thelever H the first effect ofthe consequent downward motion of the leveris to throw the end of the latch A out of engagement with the catch B,and that the farther downward motion of the lever must draw the free endof the arm V toward the horizontal pulley O, and thus swing the vaneinto its normal working position approximately at right angles. to theplane of the wind-wheel. In other words, the weighted lever furnishes ameans of overcoming the effect of the Obliquity of the vane-pivot, andserves to hold the mill in the wind with a force varying in accordancewith the mass of the weight and its position on the lever.

It is evident that if the pulley D E be omitted from the structure, orif both its parts D E be centrally-pivoted circles, the force exerted bythe weight upon the vane will be the same in all positions of the vanewith reference to the wheel; but as it is desirable to c have the weightexert a varying force on the vane-that is, a force which is least whenthe mill is fully in the wind and greatest when the mill is fully out ofthe wind-we have mounted greatest eccentricity of the part D beingdirectly opposite the corresponding point on the part E. Ve have alsogiven the chains N N' such lengths, respectively, that when the mill isfully out of the wind, as shown in Fig. l, the chain N is tangent to thepulley E at its point of least eccentricity, and consequently the chainN' is tangent to the pulley D at its point of greatest eccentricity. Theevident result of this construction is that when the mill is fully outof the wind the weight has the advantage of the greatest leverage of thepulley D, while the force of resistance of the vane is applied at theextremity of the shortest lever on the pulley E. As the free end of thearm V' swings toward the horizontal pulley 0, however, the rotation ofthe pulley causes a gradual decrease of the leverage of the weight onthe pulley D and a corresponding increase of the leverage of thevane-resistance on the pulley E, so that as the mill swings into thewind the power of the weight graduall y decreases.

It is evident that one of the pulleys D E may be centrally and the othereccentrically pivoted, or that either or both of theln may be irregularcams, instead of regular eccentrics. As a cam is an irregular eccentric,we shall use the word eccentric in the claims as a generic termcovering` either the regular or irregular form, or both.

The position of the vane-pivot has already been fully described; but wewish further to call attention to the fact that both the ele- IOO mentsof its oblique position (namely, its obliquity with reference to theplane of the wind-wheel and its Obliquity wil h reference to thevertical plane of the wind-wheel shaft) are material and important, andthat either of said elements is in itself sufficient to swing the vaneinto a plane parallel to the windwheel. If the vane-pivot, however,while retaining its Obliquity with reference to the plane of thewind-wheel, were in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of thewind-wheel shaft, the vane would be at its dead-center7 when the millwas fully in the wind, and would have no tendency yto leave its positionuntil started by some external force; and, on the other hand, if thepivot, while retaining its Obliquity with reference to the verticalplane of the windwheel shaft, were in a plane parallel to the plane ofthe wind-wheel, the vane would have no stability of position when themill was fully out of the wind. The double Obliquity of the pivotremoves both these difficulties and causes the vane (if not restrainedby a connterbalancing force) to start quickly from its position when themill is in the wind and to hold its position firmly when the mill is outof the wind. l

The operation of the mill as a whole is evident, from the foregoingdescription, to any person familiar with the art. The position of IIObut the weight J, actlng through the chains N' N', holds the armordinarily in contact with said pulley or stop, the .weight being suchas to preserve this position of the parts during a wind of any usualVelocity. Any increase of the wind above the velocity calculated onswings the wheel toward the vane and correspondingly raises the weight.Owing to the arrangement of the pulleys D E, however, the resistance ofthe weight increases as the wheel swings toward the vane, and at thesame time the force of the wind on the wheel decreases, so that unlessthe wind is ex# tremcly violent the two forces balance each other beforethe mill is fully out of the wind. Of course when theforce of the winddecreases the mill again comes into the wind. When it is desirable tostop the operation of the mill, the weight J is removed, the vane swingsinto a position parallel to the wheel, and the latch A engages the catchB and locks the parts together.

Having now described our invention and explained its operation, what weclaim as new,

` and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

post and the wind-wheel mounted thereon, of

avane whose upper pivot is nearer than its lower to the plane of thewind-wheel, as described, the Obliquity of the pivots being such thatthe weight of the vane tends to carry it from its normal workingposition into a plane parallel to that of the wind-wheel.

3. The combination, with the rotating turnpost of a windmill, awind-wheel shaft journaled therein, and a windwvheel mounted on theshaft, of a vane pivoted, substantially as described, so that its weighttends to hold it in a position parallel to the wind-wheel, aregulating-cord adapted to draw the vane into a position at right anglesto the wind-wheel, and a weight connected with the cord and suicient toovercome the resistance of the weight of the'vane and to hold itnormally at right an gles to the wind-wheel.

4t. The combination, with the turn-post ot' a windmill, a wind wheelshaft journaled therein, and a wind-wheel mounted on theshaft, of a vanepivoted to the turn-post and provided with an arm extending from thevane beyond the pivot, a catch on the turn-post,and a latch pivoted tosaid vanearm and adapted to engage said catch when the mill is out ofthe wind, and a regulating-cord attached to said latch and passingthence about the end of the vane-arm and over suitable pulleys mountedin the turn-post, and from said pulleys downward to the foot of thetower of the mill, a downward pull ou said cord being adapted to releasesaid latch from the catch, and then to draw the end of the vane-armtoward the pulley mounted in the turn-post, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

5. The combination, with the turn-post of a windmill, the wind-wheelshaft journaled therein, and the wind-wheel mounted on the shaft, of avane pivoted, substantially as described, so that its weight tends tohold it in a position parallel to the wind-wheel, a regulatingcordattached to the vane and passing thence over suitable attachments of theturnpost and downward toward the foot of the tower of the mill, wherebythe vane may be drawn from its position parallel to the windwheel, aweight connected with the cord, and means, substantially as shown anddescribed, for Varying the leverageof the weight and of thevane-resistance, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination, with the turn-post and the vane hinged thereto,substantially as set forth, of the chains N N', the rigidly-connectedeccentric pulleys D E, interposed between said chains, and the weightconnectedwith and operating said chains, substantial] y as and for thepurpose set forth.

In testimony-that we claim the foregoing in vention we have hereuntoset'our hands this 1st day of June, 1886.

ROBERT H. AVERY. LEONARD B. BERRIEN.

Vitnesses:

A. B. UPHAM, EDWARD lWI. Amas.

